Environmental Worldviews, Ethics, and Sustainability

ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS, ETHICS, AND SUSTAINABILITY Chapter 28 BIOSPHERE 2 Biosphere 2, was designed to be self sustaining life-supporting system for eight people sealed in the installing in 1991. The experiment failed because of a breakdown in its nutrient pass systems. ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS AND VALUES environmental World kens include How you think the world works. What you think your environmental post in the world should be. What you believe is right and amiss(p) environmental behavior. INSTRUMENTAL AND INTRINSIC VALUES Instrumental (utilitarian) A none mark something has because of its usefulness to us or to the biosphere i. e. preserving natural capital and bio regeneration Intrinsic (inherent) The value something has just because it exists regardless of whether it has any instrumental value to us. CLASSIFYING WORLDVIEWS Worldviews are more often than not divided into two groups Holistic (Ecocentric) is commonwealth pertain and focuses on sustaining the orbs Natural systems (ecosystems) Life-forms (biodiversity) Life-support systems (biosphere) For all species Atomistic is individual centered Anthropocentric (human-centered) Biocentric (life-centered) ANTHROPOCENTRIC, BIOCENTRIC, AND ECOCENTRIC Anthropocentric (human-centered) No-problem school (all problems solved), free-market school (global economy), responsible school (mix of earlier 2) Instrumental values play a larger role. Biocentric (life-centered) Human as one with the earth Aldo Leopold and John Muir Intrinsic values play a larger role Ecocentric (earth-centered) Humans destroy the earth Emerson, Thoreau, Aldo Leopold, John Muir, Rachel Carson environmental Worldviews and Values Intrinsic values play a larger role ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS Planetary Management Anthropocentric We are the most cardinal We are apart from the rest of nature Because of our technology we will neer run out of resources Economic growth is unlimited and we should use ear ths resources for our benefit Stewardship Biocentric Be stewards to earth Manage earths life support system We most likely will not run out of resources but they should not be wasted Environmental Wisdom Ecosystem-centered (Biocentric) We are dependent on nature Dont waste resources Success depends on how headspring we learn how nature sustains itself Ecofeminist Worldview chief(prenominal) cause of environmental problems not just human-centeredness, but male-centeredness Advocate hunting lodge fixing rift between humans and nature as well as ending oppression base on sex, race, class, and cultural/ phantasmal beliefs Social Ecology Worldview Creating better democratic communities New forms of environmentally persistent production New types of environmentally friendly technology CULTURAL GROUPINGS there are 3 different cultural grouping which determine a persons values and worldviews Moderns (about 45% of the pornographic U. S. population) actively taste mat erialism and the drive to acquire money and property, take cynical view of idealism and caring, accept some form of the planetary management worldview, and hunt down to be pro big businesses Traditionals (about 19% of the adult U. S. population) believe in family, church, and community, support others, having caring relationships, and working to create a better society. They dispose to be older, poorer, and less educated Cultural Creatives of New Progressives (about 36% of the adult U. S. population) have a strong commitment of family, community, the environment, education, equality, personal growth, spiritual trainment, helping other people, living in harmony with the earth, and making a ploughshare to society.SHIFTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES AND WORLDVIEWS Global and national polls break off a shift towards the stewardship and environmental wisdom. LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY Four directive principles for living more sustainably Respect earth and life and all its diversity Care for life with understanding, love, and compassion Build societies that are free, just, participatory, sustainable, and peaceful vouch earths bounty and beauty for present and future generations HOW TO lie in MORE SIMPLY Some affluent people in developed countries are adopting a lifestyle of voluntary simmpleness Voluntary simplicity is doing and enjoying more with less by learning to live more patently Based on Mahatma Gandhis principle of enoughness The earth provides enough to requite either persons need but not every persons greedWhen we take more than we need, we are precisely taking from each other, borrowing from the future, or destroying the environment and other species. When you contain voluntary simplicity it means disbursal less time working for money Leading lives less driven to accumulate stuff Spending more time living You prefatoryally must ask yourself How overmuch is enough? Voluntary simplicity shouldnt be confused with constrained sim plicity of the poor, who dont have enough to meet their basic needs for food, clothing, shelter, clean water, air, and good health. Law of Progressive Simplification neat growth occurs as civilizations transfer an increasing proportion of energy and wariness from the material side of life to the nonmaterial side and thereby develop their culture, capacity for compassion, sense of community, and strength of democracy. LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY In order to make the planet a better place we must agnise that individuals matter. Most of the environmental progress we have made during the last hardly a(prenominal) decades occurred because individuals banded together to insist that we can do better. We must experience earth education. We need hope, a positive vision of the future, and commitment to making the world a better place to live. pic

Managerial Accounting Quiz 1 Essay

Chapters 1 and 210 Points1. Complete the resultant sheet below by placing an X under each lintel that identifies the comprise involved. The Xs can be placed under more than unrivalled heading for a single exist. (5 Points)Variable courtFixed greetDirect MaterialsDirect graspManufacturing OverheadPeriod CostMaterials beXXProduction line workers wagesXXProduction Equipment rentalXXFactory building depreciationXXAdvertising salutesXX2. A partial listing of costs incurred at Rust high society during August appears belowPurchases of raw materials $ 135,000Direct labor 73,000Factory Utilities. 11,000 gross revenue Commissions 69,000 Administrative Salaries.. 101,000 Indirect Labor 89,000 dispraise of Production Equipment. 18,000 Indirect Materials 10,000 Depreciation of Office Copy Machine.. 5,000Raw materials inventory, rise 97,000Raw materials inventory, remainder 84,000Work in cover inventory, offshoot 39,000Work in transition inventory, ending 52,000Finished goods inv entory, beginning 106,000Finished goods inventory, ending 71,000a. Prepare a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured in good form. (3 Points)Direct Materials kickoff raw materials inventory $97,000Add Purchase of raw materials 135,000 Raw materials functional for use 232,000 start out Ending raw materials inventory 84,000Raw materials apply in employment $148,000Direct Labor 73,000Manufacturing Overhead 118,000Total manufacturing cost 339,000Add Beginning work in process inventory 39,000378,000Deduct Ending work in process inventory 52,000Cost of goods construct $326,000b. Compute the Cost of Goods Sold. (2 Points)Finished goods inventory, beginning$106,000Add Cost of goods fabricate 326,000Goods available for sale 432,000Deduct Finished goods inventory, ending 71,000Cost of goods sell $361,000Managerial Acctg Quiz 2 Fall 2012 NAME__ _______________________Chapters 3 and 410 Points1. Pence Company is a manufacturing firm that uses job-order costing. Thecompany applies bang to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate based on machine-hours. At the beginning of the course of instruction, the company estimated that it would work 44,000 machine hours and would incur $176,000 in manufacturing overhead cost. During the year the following actual costs and hours were incurredJob A Job B Job C Job D Direct Materials$ 135,000 $ 129,000 $ 98,000 $ 103,000 Direct Labor $ 80,000 $ 85,000 $ 63,000 $ 68,000 Machine Hours 12,000 13,000 8,000 14,000 Number of building blocks 50 35 60Indirect Materials use $ 34,000Indirect Labor $ 63,000Selling be $134,000Factory Utility Costs $ 14,000Factory Depreciation $114,000Administrative Salaries $157,000Required (5 points)a. Compute the predetermined overhead rate176000/44000= 4.00b. Compute the amount of overhead applied to each job.A.12000*4= 48000 B. 13000*4= 52000 C. 8000*4= 32000 D. 14000*4= 56000c. Assuming that Jobs A, B, and D were completed during the year, encrypt the total cost charged to each job and the unit cost of the product produced.A.5660B.8543D. 3983d. Compute the balance in Work In puzzle out at the end of the year. 161,000e. Compute the amount of overhead under or overapplied.176000-161000= 15000f. Assuming the amount is not material, write the journal entry unavoidable to close the manufacturing overhead account at the end of the year. Work in Process 161,000Manufacturing Overhead161,0002. Elton Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The company adds materials at the beginning of the process in Department M. Conversion costs were 75% complete with respect to the 4,000 units in work in process at whitethorn 1 and 50% complete with respect to the 6,000 units in work in process at May 31. During May, 12,000 units were completed and transferred to the attached department. An analysis of the costs relating to work in process at May 1 and to production activity for May followsMaterialsConversionWork in process 5/1$26,200$19,370Costs added during May$26, 900$29,380Required development the weighted-average method, determine the same Units of Production for Materials and Conversion Costs, the Cost per Equivalent Unitfor Material and Conversion Cost, and the total product cost per Equivalent Unit. (5 Points)Equivalent units of productionMaterials Conversion Transferred to next department.. 12,000 12,000 Ending work in process (materials 6,000 units 100% complete conversion 6,000 units 50% complete).. 6,000 3,000 Equivalent units of production 18,000 15,000 Cost per Equivalent UnitMaterials Conversion TotalCost of beginning work in process.. 26,200 19,370 Cost added during the period.. 26,900 29,380 Total cost (a) 53,100 48,750 Equivalent units of production (b) 18,000 15,000 Cost per equivalent unit, (a) (b). 2.95 3.25 Total $6.20

Erosion: Fertilizer and Conservation Stewardship Program

in that respect are three causes of soil erosion over cultivation, overgrazing, and deforestation. All of these causes trick be corrected in different slipmodal value. Over cultivation is when the debark is repeatedly tiling and producing crops faster than the soil can restore resulting in a decrease in the soil value and productivity. One of the ways that over cultivation can be corrected is by a technique called no-till agriculture. No-till agriculture is a procedure where chemicals kill weeds and the seeds are planted without having to embrace the soil. Fertilizer is another source of correction in over cultivation.Fertilizer is a military operation in which intellectual nourishments such as organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are added to the soil to nutrient the crops. Organic fertilizers consist of manure and inorganic fertilizers consist of chemical fertilizers. other methods are used to prevent over cultivation such as contour strip cropping and shelterbelts . Contour strip cropping is where the farmer will plow the footing across rather than up and down which reduces the occurrence of piddle erosion. The rows of trees around the plowed land are called shelterbelts reducing the risk of wind up erosion.Overgrazing is another cause of soil erosion. Overgrazing is where there are more animals brisk on a piece of land than the land can maintain. During the process of overgrazing the land losses its grass production and the land becomes bare make wind and water erosion leaving the soil tainted. The Conservation Stewardship computer program provides information on how farmers can burn woody plants giving them the intend to be able to plant grass seeds that hold water and to be able to manage cattle and move them to another land stop overgrazing from occurring.The means of removing trees and vegetation covering soil and converting the forest into another land of use causing erosion and soil productiveness is called deforestation. The b est way to correct deforestation is to cut down trees and to plant more trees. in that respect have been many organizations developed to try to stop deforestation. Some of these organizations are Center for Global Developments, Group of Earth Observations, and Avoided Deforestation Partners.

RMG Industry of Bangladesh

Currently, thither argon approximately cholecalciferol0 manufacturing units with a 4. Million work force (Wisped 2012). Bangladesh does not have any subjective advantage to flourish in subdivision sector except cheapjack motor (Islam 2012). Undoubtedly, the dedicated work force with relatively grim honorarium is the key driving force in this sector. It gives Bangladesh a competitive pass on over the rivals. But unfortunately, employee satisfaction in the strengthen sector seems to be fading. Since May 2006, the limb sector has been be station with very serious dig out unrest.The major disputes c one timern wages, working hours, appointment procedures, forced dig, child labor, wellness and safety, security system, gender discrimination, sexual reassessment and trade unionism. Non- shape of workplace health, safety and security regulations atomic number 18 prevalent in the assiduity. Due to hazardous factory environments some(prenominal) workers become sick or injured , or even lose their lives d unity calamitys, fires and stampedes. Both the BAGMEN and the Government ar showing Ostrich-Approach in this regard, perhaps on the plea of maintaining price competitiveness in the global market.However, recent tragic fire incident at Instructions tagre Garments factory has given a wakeup call for two the BAGMEN and the Government. The cancellation of equines ties by the world celebrated retailer Wall-Mart is seen by many as a disturbing and punishing symptom for progress sector. At this backdrop, question arises behind the apparent success story of the artillery sedulousness, Does the work up perseverance in Bangladesh perform its honourable responsibility towards employees? Can we term this manufacture a successful unitary? A clear answer is essential for the continuous growth and sustainability of girdle sector in Bangladesh.This report shall largess the answer to the aforementioned questions with vast details. 1. 2 Objectives The broad objective of this report is to present the movement of the tree branch exertion f Bangladesh. To do so, we bequeath first evaluate the intentness from the traditional concept of business profit-minimization and growth. Secondly, we go out gauge the persistence public presentation from ethical dimension focusing chiefly on the workers socio- economic condition. 1. orbit This report will be based on the ARM industry of Bangladesh only.No comparative data will be available about separate countries. Also this report will not include the employee rights of other industries in Bangladesh. 1. 4 Limitations Limited timeshare which has affected the survey and hearing process wretched primary data Confidentiality of information 1. 5 Methodology To master an legal result both qualitative and quantitative enquiry has been conducted. Qualitative research, mainly exploratory in nature, was carried out to study the entrepreneurs ethical responsibility in ARM sector.Some in-d epth interviews have been conducted for better understanding of the working conditions at assorted factories. An extensive literature review has also been carried out to collect relevant information on the subject issue. In addition, a survey was conducted on a sample size of 25 respondents using random taste technique. This has helped in ascertaining the compliance of employee right as per law. Data analysis and unveiling has been conducted as per frequency analysis method.Primary Data Primary data for this research work includes the following- Case study of randomly selected garments workers Survey of the workers with a set of questionnaire Structured interview with legal and human right experts Unstructured interview with few lead level managers of garments industry including BAGMEN officials Secondary Data palingenesis of related articles, books and research works on ARM sector of Bangladesh Online Journals and partnership websites Available official data from BAGMEN . Lit erature Review There is no universally accepted definition of ethics.It varies from culture to culture, society to society and of course, from industry to industry. The principles, values, and beliefs that define right and wrong decisions and behavior can be termed as ethics (Robbins 2010. P. 101). Moreover, ethical values relate to what is right and wrong, and thus develop precedence over non-ethical values when making ethical decisions (Powers 2012). A simpler as yet comprehensive definition of ethical conduct is given by Bertrand Russell. He says, An ethical soul ought to do more than he is required to do and sees than he is allowed to do. The mutual perception about Bangladesh garments industry portrays one apparent success story. M. Surreal Islam in his write-up titled Wakeup Call for Government and ARM Sector Leaders praises the ARM sector entrepreneurs. He considers that they have done a lot to be proud. They have given Bangladesh economy its biggest boost. With it over 5 000 factories the industry employs nearly 5 million workers, and has been a basic factor of women dominance in the country. However, the generator also expressed his concern over the low wage of the workers in the industry in the name of price-competitiveness.He mentions that the ARM workers go through IIS$ 45 periodical payment today at their entry level. The writer compares such low wages and the associated working conditions as a national of slave labor (Islam 2012. P-11). Md. Joanna Abiding in his research paper titled Overall Problems and Prospects of Bangladesh ARM sedulousness expressed his concern over the labor disturbances in ARM sector of Bangladesh. He mentions that garment workers remain one of the hardest working segments of the labor force in Bangladesh. Their working conditions and benefits must repair as the industry matures.Abiding recommends that investing in worker-training and in improved irking conditions will certainly enhance productivity and growth. T he writer urges that the factory owners must be proactive instead of being reactive regarding this important issue (Abiding 2008). spare-time activity the recent Unchristian tagre Garments Tragedy, The Wall Street Journals newspaper column page writer Joseph Sternberg expressed his deep concern over the neglect of ethical responsibility in the ARM industry of Bangladesh. In his article, befittingly titled Why Dacha Keeps Burning the writer has flagged what is wrong in the industry.He mentions that ARM industry in Bangladesh is inefficiently and insufficiently developing. The writer criticizes special labor rules, including a ban on unionization, and regulated pay rates that set out wages in the name of competitiveness. Finally, he brands Bangladesh ARM industry as a Monster constancy that now threatens to devour the government. 3. Business execution from traditionalistic View 3. 1 The Growth of ARM Industry ARM industry is the biggest homegrown commercial success story till employment in Bangladesh. The industry has epochal contribution in employment generation, distress alleviation and women empowerment.As a garment producer for the global market, at present Bangladesh ranks second, behind China only. More than four million workers, nighly women, are employed in approximately 5,000 garment factories. This sector has acted as an locomotive behind the country economic growth. Undoubtedly, the industry has made a significant socio-economic impact in contemporary Bangladesh. 3. 2 Profit Minimization The Traditional Purpose of Business At present ARM industry earns well-nigh IIS$19 billion per year which accounts for approximately 80% of country correspond exports and around 17% of total economic output (Sternberg 2012).The percentage of ARM export to the total export of Bangladesh in last ten historic period is shown on the chart below Figure-I Percentage of ARM Export to the extreme Export Source Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank. 3. 3 Poten tials for Rapid Growth of Bangladesh ARM Industry McKinney & Company a reputed global management consulting firm predicts that Bangladesh ARM exports will grow double by 201 5, and nearly triple by 2020 (McKinney 2011. P-22). Bangladesh is widely expected to become the top producer replacing China by virtue of its price competitiveness and capacity.The industry is expected to expand up to IIS$ 50 billion by adjoining ten years. McKinney initiated a instance study to know about the sourcing preference of the European and US clip companies, accounting for IIS$ 46 billion in total sourcing value. They conducted an extensive interview based survey where the respondents were the Chief Purchasing Officers (COP) of the leading apparel players in Europe and US. Due to the rising labor cost in China, most of the buyers now consider Bangladesh as their alternative source. While China was once considered the place to be for sourcing, the light is starting to shine ever brighter on Banglade sh.For most Cops, Bangladesh will be the No-I sourcing hot spot over the next 5 years. (McKinney 2011. P-4). The result of the survey is shown below Figure-2 Sourcing Preference of European and US Apparel Companies Source McKinney COP Survey, September-November 2011 So, from the traditional understanding of business, the ARM industry of Bangladesh can surely be called as a successful one. 4. exercise of ARM Industry from Ethical Dimension 4. 1 Compliance of preventive and Health Regulations The recent Unchristian tagre Garments fire accident at Savor claimed 112 lives.They were burnt alive inside the factory succession they were working to earn their bread and butter. The most serious part of the disaster was that the workers were locked inside a steel gate at each substructure even after the fire went out of control. The fire service trucks and the equipment could not reach timely as the access road was strengthened on agricultural land. These are serious flaws in compliance t hat BAGMEN officials tried to inform off later. Almost similar compliance failure is found in many of the factories till now.Compliances required factories to have two staircases to be built in each floor, and also to have a fulfillment pay back for the medical service to the workers. But most of the factories are yet to achieve that (Islam 2012). 4. 2 Maternity deviate A Basic Woman right on Majority of the ARM workers in Bangladesh are women. They are often fondly called Pashas Joana the daughters of garments. Everyone in the industry recognizes that ARM industry survives, and grows with their sweat. We wanted to know the industry performance about one of the basic need in both womans life Maternity Leave.Finding of our survey is shown below Figure-3 Compliance of Maternity Leave in ARM Industry Source Survey Conducted for the Research. 4. 3 The pick out of Minimum Wage It is, if not, the most controversial, at least, the most discussed issue regarding employee right in the ARM sector of Bangladesh. Tripartite body with representatives from Government, BAGMEN and Workers Association agreed with the negligible wage of TX 3500. Most of the factories were also found compliant with this wage policy. We initiated a case study to have a feel of this minimum wage.One three penis family a couple with a 2 years baby was selected where both the spouses were ARM workers. Their monthly income was TX 9400. We made a balance sheet of their monthly earning and expenditure. Table-I Balance Sheet of ARM Workers Earning and Expenditure-A Case Study Earning Expenditure save 5200 House Rent 3500 Wife 4200 Baby Food 1 500 Medicare and others 1 oho Total earning Total expenditure 11000 *They often compromise with the austere minimum food they expect to eat to live It reminds the Bertrand Russets saying, An ethical person ought to do more than he is required to do. Surely, the entrepreneurs in ARM industry can do more than what they are doing for the ARM workers. And, mere compliance with the minimum wage policy is not ethical. 4. 4 Enforced push back Mr. Safaris Islam, the president of BAGMEN said in an interview on AY Jazzier television that at that place is no enforced overtime in Bangladesh ARM industry. However, our finding contradicts what the top man of BAGMEN claimed on international media. Enforced overtime is a common practice in many of the garments manufacturing units.The factory owners tried to Justify that they are sometime compelled to do so to meet the buyers timeline as supply of untoughened material often gets delayed due to poor infrastructure in Bangladesh. The state of enforced labor in ARM industry of Bangladesh is shown in the next page Figure-4 Forced Labor in ARM Industry 5. Conclusions Many have labeled the recent unrest in the ARM industry as a conspiracy to destroy the potentials that Bangladesh enjoys. However, we feel that there is no a conspiracy theories, but disturbances in the ARM sector.These disturbances are the legitimate outpouring of the frustrations of those whose sweat makes a IIS$ 20 billion earning for our nation. From the absolute business concept of making money, we can surely term the ARM industry a successful one. But, when we look at it from the ethical dimension, the performance appears to be dark which is evident from the poor socio-economic condition of the ARM workers. They are living a life where even the basic physiological inescapably are not met. If a US$ 20 billion industry fails to uplift the workers lives above the level of slavery, as many term it, that cannot be called successful.

The Pearl Characters Pen Portrait

Pen Portraits-The Pearl Juana- Juana is a very spring chicken lady and she has just had her first child. In the starting of the book, she is very unruffled and does non speak much. Towards the end of the book she is a lot more(prenominal) aggressive and speaks more than she used to. Her attitude changes and she stays by kino whatever happens. An example is when kino gum has killed a man she helps him hide the stone-dead body instead of telling bothone of the crime. Steinbeck also writes that when she carries out her way of exercise set Coyotito by putting the poultice on his sting, she does not lay down any faith in her technique and thinks that they should go to the doctor.This is the proof that tells us that she has a dependable belief in authority. At the end of the book, she becomes very persistent and this stubbornness leads to her sons ending. When gum kino tells Juana that she should hide with Coyotito to stay safe, she says no three times without any hesitation or weakness. This is an example of her stubbornness. If she would have hidden with Coyotito, the consequences could have differed. My opinion of Kino is that she was a very strong character and had a very large roll to play in this book.Her roll was not only protecting Coyotito, but she was also Kinos largest support. Kino- Kino is a young man who thinks he give make everything after he gets the pearl. He has also many ambitions such as sending his son to school, getting married, and having a rifle. He tells his ambitions to all the villagers and the priest becomes even greedier after hearing what he gouge do with just a Pearl. Although the priest cannot do anything wrong as he is a religious man, the doctor can. He also sets himself some ambitions such as drinking wine in a rich restaurant.But to achieve his ambitions he must have the pearl. He tries to seal it but is not successful. Kino knows that on the way to achieving his ambitions he will have to face evil but he is to o greedy and the greed makes him blind. any he can see are his ambitions. His foolishness is also a reason of his sons death. If he would have sold it for 1500 pesos than his sons death could have been avoided, but as I have written, greed can make a person blind. In my opinion, Kino was trapped by the pearl and he can do nothing to get rescue himself from the pearls invisible trap.It is not every day that a man gets lucky. And when Kino gets lucky, he wants to make too much from the luck and this teaches him a lesson you should perpetually be happy with what you have. Juan Tomas- Juan Tomas is Kinos bigger associate and his wife is Apolonia. Juan Tomas warns Kino about the consequences of what the pearl could do. Kino does not take heed to his brother and very unfortunate consequences follow. For example, Juan Tomas says there is a devil in this pearl but Kino knows this but instead of throwing it away, he keeps it as a hope, he keeps it as his soul.When Kino kills a man in se lf-defense, Juan Tomas and Apolonia hide Kinos family. This shows us that Juan Tomas nature is very utile although he knows that he is helping a criminal who could be displace to jail or even executed, he remembers that he is Kinos brother and should always stay as a support for him and his family From my opinion, He is a very humble man and seems happy with his post in his life yet, he understands Kino and why he wants to earn too much from the pearl. Juan Tomas, although he has a very short part to play, it is dormant a very important one.

Webster Case

The case suggests that the exercise military rating data (PAS, personnel audit, and the impressions and opinions of the assorting members) had some(prenominal) problems. From the perspective of the decision-making biases, analyze how the characteristics of the performance data were likely to affect the decisions make by the Carter group. In your analysis, cite specific problems with the data and how they relate to the decision-making biases that we discussed in class.PASLoss aversion Webster had a culture that promoted employee loyalty at any costs. In more than one instance, Webster had kept an employee long after crapulence had impaired his or her effectiveness, primarily because of top managements stamp that the person had no other place to go. This culture affected the display case of feedback granted in the PAS process and skewed the data to show rectify employee performance on the evaluations than Webster was actually experiencing.Illusion of foil Take shaft of light Pearson as an example, Though is performance had been unsatisfactory for at least the final stage 10 years, he was not tending(p) any negative feedback unit of measurement the fall of 1974.Anchoring Webster rank and file suffered from anchoring in the inflated results of their evaluations. Imagine how radiation Pearsons would have assessed himself he were not overconfident in his performance (which, unfortunately for Ray, was likely a result of his managers unwillingness to give straightforward feedback).Sampling on the dependent variable the participation in the PAS evaluation process is poor at best. It could be possible that notwithstanding the enhancer issues only the good performers submitted evaluations and the poor performers avoided the process altogether.Personnel auditIllusion of transparency bias while the audit doesnt create this bias, Jack Bryants process fails to effectively resolve discrepancies between a subordinates perceptions of her performance and her ma nagers evaluation of performance.Group opinionsConfirmation bias Again, the group has been immersed in a culture that prioritizes years of gain over performance. Cecil Stevens leads the watchword with using seniority as the first criteria to make separation decisions. The group likely confronted confirmation bias towards weighting that criterion more firmly when weighting the other criteria (e.g. performance, potential, etc.).Escalation of commitment Take for example the counter-intuitive message given to Bob Carter by Ike Davis (superior). These men have too much service to be treated as you have proposed. It seems to me that despite Carters intelligent desire to demote individuals, the organization doubled-down on its message of loyalty as the most important consideration in making personnel decisions.

Life Signs †Poem and Summary By Mahapatra Essay

LIFE SIGNSViolence the solar day dims. When I open and shut my mouth the darkness chokes inside. The sad silly pushes against a bullock-cart-drivers whip which rests in a corner of the corridor, right from the black pressure of dragging ribs. a country total solar eclipse It was the drawn-out cry of day that left behind no echo, day that became meek as a frightened child. A touchstone of pale human skin fluttered on top of the temple of steamroller the vase a monsoon day fable The fable at the beginning of the monsoon choes alone, alike(p) a bell ringing in a temple remote from home. in the fields of desolate rice captive air of chandipur on sea lost children of America dead river life signs grand render again one day walking by the river. Jayant Mahapatra Summary of emotional state Signs disembodied spirit signs is the title poem of the volume Life Signs.The draw-son relationship has been explored quite extensively and intensively in Indian English poetry, by Ramanujan, P arthasarathy, Shiv. K. Kumar and others and Father poems come become even a sub-genre of Indian Poetry in English. Life Signs captures the central preoccupation of Mahapatras poetry, the irrevocable influence of the Father (by extension, the antique tradition of the land) and the anxiety of the son-persona (the modernist, rationalist, unbeliever poet, by extension) to be freed of it Structurally, the poem is a loosely connected set of evocative signs rather than a remains and discourse and such a poem with shifting metaphors may quarrel neat interpretation yet it ordure have a neat power to convey a highly complex experience and can acquire haunting beauty (G. N. Devy). The Cows can be adopt as a companion poem.11. 1- 2 Whats in my a blunt statement of the son-personas in ability to occupy the beliefs of the father 11. 3-5 a backbone of loss caused by separation between father and son described in terms of the flow rateing river the image of flow may also imply the passage of a major grade in Mahapatras vision. 11. 10 an associative cluster of signs sun, kites and clouds evoking the sense of agedness of the traditions, which haunts him. 1. 15 the odour another image evoking the sense of decline 11. 19-20 come to rest typical Mahapatran obscurities which are the interpreters hopelessness 11. 23- 24 a conflict between the traditional beliefs and the rationalist agnosticism of those beliefs- 11. 23- 24 the sense of loss and a discovery of a grotesque wisdom.