Legal Reference Concepts of Contracts Coursework

Legal Reference Concepts of Contracts - Coursework Example Biblical worldview refers to human perception of the events in the world from the lens of the inerrant, perfect God. Through the perception, human beings define reality and human relationships as influenced by biblical morals and teachings. For example, biblical worldview regards natural, flawless life and the moral human activities as the work of God. In light of these arguments, all contractual successes are attributed to God while any failures are regarded as the work of evil. Sometimes failures within the context of the biblical worldview are regarded as lessons which if taken positively will avoid bad consequences of one’s actions in future. Contracts are very common and form an important part of modern law. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, giving each side clear obligations to perform towards its success. For proper apportioning of obligations, a contract must meet all of the primary conditions such as: the parties being competent; seeking or giving out a subject matter; a legal consideration by the offeree; mutuality of agreement and of obligation (Huffman, 2012). The most important condition to the formation of a contract is consideration, which generally involves money changing hands. A definite value of the subject matter or compensation is normally an imperative element of a valid contract, and in cases where the value is not fixed, the contract must provide a clear procedure for determining the price. So it is a common principle that the contract will lack the enforcement power when the price is not specified and the strategy of arriving at the value is also lacking (Jindo, 2011). Regardless, there are clear reservations in applying the doctrine. The contemporary contract normally involves money. In biblical worldview, a contract does not necessarily involve money. Biblical scriptures say even if all the worldly elements of a contract have been met, the parties will still face problems with performing

Libel law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Libel law - Essay Example ommon libel prompting charges is accusing someone of being a communist, describing a lady as a call girl, calling an attorney a criminal, and condemning a minister for immoral conduct (Amponsah 78). Also, other cases arise due to accusing a father of infringing the confidence of his son, calling a political foe a liar or thief and calling a television character a â€Å"chicken butt" and "local loser". The defenses used in lawsuits are the truth, privilege and fair comment. If a journalist reports something, then it is thought to be true (Lawhorne 98). Also, journalists have the privilege of reporting accurate proceedings. Finally, journalists have the right to fair comment. Hence, what is published is perceived as the truth. The New York Time Co. vs. Sullivan recognized that, for a public official to succeed, a declaration must be printed (Mason 53). In addition, the person who published the statement was aware it would cause havoc, but he or she still disregarded the truth. Some of the court rulings that have had a significant impact on libel law are the case of John Zenger vs. William Cosby (1735), Dow Jones vs. MMAR Group Inc. and Alex Konanykhin vs. Izvestia, the Russian newspaper. All these cases went in favor of the plaintiffs. It also goes to conclude that if a plaintiff has grounds with regards to what was published he or she stands to win in a court of

Qualities Required To Achieve Life Objective Essay

Qualities Required To Achieve Life Objective - Essay Example As every success opens the new horizons of self-confidence, pleasures and containment, similarly the impact of failure can cause lasting damage to self-esteem and the consequences can influence an entire lifetime. The same argument is also applied for academic career too. There are numerous factors that can influence the students’ academic career. These factors can be related to students financial, social or psychological status, teachers’ behavior and their teaching methods, lack of commitment to study, problems with learning environment, problems with subject content and examinations systems unsatisfactory relationship with family, future concerns related to chosen field of study or problems of time management. Although most of the students manage to cut through these barriers based on their motivation and perception of their goals yet a reasonable number of students’ romaine handicap to tackle their problems and hence they fail (Aysan, 1). The following sectio ns highlight few of the factors that really affect the academic career.(a) Financial Problems: Money is a substantial entity for living as we all need money to buy essential things required for our survival. Money also plays a vital role for academic career. In order to enter and attend a college or university a student has to pay his education stipends and if he is facing financial problems then his academic career will obviously be affected. ... manager, a counselor, a decision maker, a role model, and a surrogate parent. These qualities required practice, skills and effective teaching methodology (Dolasir, 2). (c) Drug: It is a well known fact that many students are also involved in drug addiction. The use of any type of drugs greatly affects human body as drugs deteriorate the very functionality of human body and hence result the lose of life objectives including the academic career. (d) Social problems: Social disproportions and unsatisfactory relationship with family or friends can also bring the students to the brinks of failure. Since academic study or research demands concentration yet social unevenness diverges the human concentration and greatly influence the human psyche. (d) Commitment to study and time management: Lack of commitment to study and time mismanagement is also major contributor to student failure. Lack of commitment results the precious time lose and hence time mismanagement. Works Cited Aysan, Ferda. "Perceived Causes of Academic Failure among the Students at the Faculty of Education at Buca." ERIC. (1996). 18. 9 July, 2007. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019 b/80/16/74/9a.pdf Dolasir, Semiyha. "Effective Teacher Behaviors that Contribute to Students' Academic Success." ERIC. (2004). 9 July, 2007. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019 b/80/1b/dd/1c.pdf . . . 10 July, 2007 Qualities Required To Achieve Life Objective It is a well known fact that great objectives demand the best qualities. Achievement of an effective life objective or goal is essentially related a number of key qualities and passion

Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contracts - Essay Example Minors or persons with unsound mind lack the capacity to contract. Upon acceptance of the offer, the offeree must provide a specific compensation for the promise fulfilled, often referred to as a consideration. Additionally, agreements only amount to contracts when formed with a legal purpose and with the intent to create a legal obligation between the parties involved. For this reason agreements between family members, with the exception of commercial agreements do not create a valid contracts. Certainty of the subject matter is another essential requirement of a valid contract since contracts cannot be based on ambiguity or unclear subject matter. Finally, agreements forming contracts must be mutual, coercion or undue influence invalidates a contract. The parole evidence rule holds that when the contracting parties agree to record their content of their agreement in writing, they often intend that whatever is written down to be the only reliable source of reference to the agreement, which supersedes any other terms and conditions agreed to during the bargain but not written. The basis of the parole evidence rule is that what is reflected in writing should be taken as a true representation of the terms of the contract. The parole evidence rule bars any parole evidence presented in addition to the written evidence. Assignment of rights in contract refers to a situation where the beneficiary to a contractual agreement willfully relinquishes all the rights to receive the aforesaid benefits to a third party, not initially considered in the contractual agreement. For example, if J agrees to sell his house to W for $3000, and then J transfers his right under the contract to pay the $ 3000 to X, X becomes the assignee and the legal beneficiary to the contract. This does not however, give X authority to execute the terms of the contract. In this case, J will only have delegated his duty to receive the consideration of $ 3000 to

Online Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online Community - Essay Example This means that people could be living in the same geographical area but since they do not share the same values, they are not deemed as community. The conventional community is that which lives together physically and shares their values and practices within a locality. The contemporary community does not have to be living in the same locality since they could practice their values on a remote platform, which is online. Campbell describes the contemporary community, or community online, as that social unit that interacts online aided by the use of the internet (Campbell, 2010). He traces the emergence of the community online back to the early 1970s when the email first emerged. Emails were first powered by the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, commonly abbreviated as ARPANET, which was also the first operational packet switching network in the world (Brasher 25). The online space was, at first, purely a research space and not for social interactions’ use. Soon ARPANE T created the first electronic discussion group establishing a moderated space to oversee various aspects of network business and research. Researchers within these messaging groups began forming unofficial groups such as SF-Lovers, created by some researchers to discuss science fiction. This and other early groups pioneered the social community online. Several special interest groups started emerging thereafter and this liberalization saw the birth of the â€Å"net.religion† debating group where religious opinions were aired. Further debates saw the narrowing down of this group to specific religious online forums, the first of which to emerge being â€Å"net.religion.jewish†. Newer advents of technology saw the creation of both newer and more precise forums and also better and faster ways of furthering these religious debates such as bulletin board systems (BBS), multi-user object oriented (MOO), multi-user dimension (MUD), and internet relay chat (IRC) rooms. Through standardization, regulation and setting of â€Å"rules of engagement† within the various forums, these computer-supported groups automatically qualified as communities, or more precisely, virtual communities. Campbell concurs with a definition, of virtual community, by Rheingold, that virtual communities are social aggregations emerging from internet forums when enough people carry on discussions with human feeling to form networks of personal relationships online. The evolution of Christian community online did not stop at the web groups and discussion forums for specific religions, in the mid – 1990s, cyber-churches and cyber-temples emerged as websites exclusively providing online worship services to their respective target groups (Stower, 2001). The argument behind this unique move was that the internet provides a forum for revolution, similar to the protestant wave, to reform and reinvent the ways in which faith and values are practiced and people communicate wit h each other and with God. The understanding was that people do not have to physically meet to practice their religious values and that computer networks provide social networks within which people can meet face-to-face, but virtually, within the computer network (Dawson 15). The study of religious community online critically began in early 1990s when scholars started paying attention more attention to issues of technology being used to congregate online, the types of discussions and practices. Two researchers,

Hero Myth - Achilles Essay Example for Free

Hero Myth Achilles Essay The concept of the hero is as old as myth itself. Throughout history both concepts have evolved together. Myths tell tales of the adventures of man, frequently the son of a god or goddess and a human, who is endowed with great promise and destined to perform great feats. Often these feats involve acts of rescue, war or protection. This heroic myth is rooted in the ideal of familial romance. Particularly during adolescence it sustains and expresses the identification of the ego with idealized imagery. The hero myths have been used for centuries to educate and train youths as parts of institutions and groups. One example of a hero is Achilles, made famous through Homer’s epic Illiad. While we may not look at myths today in the same ways as our ancient forebears, the hero myth is still alive and well in our culture today. Achilles was the hero of the Trojan war as related by Homer in the Illiad. He was the mightiest of the Trojan warriors. He began life as a demigod, the son of Peleus, the king of the Myrmidons and a mortal, and Thetis who was a Nereid. The Myrmidons were legendary warriors, very skilled and brave. Nereids are sea nymphs being the daughters of Nereus and Doris. Thetis was very concerned that her son was a mortal. Therefore she attempted to make him immortal. There are two stories of how she wet about this. The lesser-known story is that she burned him in a fire nightly and then healed his wounds with a magical ambrosia. The more well-known story is that she held him tightly by the heel and submersed him in the river Styx. This made his entire body invulnerable except for the spot on his heel where she held him while he was in the river. During Achilles’ boyhood, a seer named Calchas prophesied that Troy would not fall without help from Achilles. Knowing that he would die if he went to Troy, Thetis sent Achilles to the court of Lycomedes in Scyros. He was hidden there in the guise of a young girl. While at the court he had a romance with Deidameia who was the daughter of Lycomedes. The result was a son who was named Pyrrhus. The disguise finally came to an end when Odysseus exposed Achilles by placing arms and armor amongst a display of female garments and picked Achilles out when he was the only â€Å"female† to be interested in the war equipment. Achilles then willingly joined Odysseus on the journey to Troy. He led a host of his father’s Myrmidon troops in addition to his utor Phoenix and his friend Patroclus. Once in Troy, Achilles quickly gained the reputation as an undefeatable warrior. One of his most notable feats was the capture of 23 Trojan towns. One of these was Lyrnessos where he took a war prize in the form of a woman named Briseis. The central action of the Illiad was sparked when Agamemnon, the leader of the Greeks, was forced to give up his war-prize woman, Chryseis, by an oracle of Apollo. As compensation for the loss of Chryseis, Agamemnon took Briseis from Achilles. Thus enraged, Achilles refused to continue fighting for the Greeks. With Achilles’ withdrawal from the action, the war started to go badly for the Greeks and they offered large reparations to try to lure back their greatest warrior. Achilles continued to refuse to rejoin the war, however, he did agree to allow his close friend Patroclus to don his arms and armor and fight in his place. The next day Hector, a Trojan hero, mistook Patroclus for Achilles and killed Patroclus. Achilles was engulfed with rage at Hector and consumed by grief for his friend’s death. Thetis went to Hephaestus and obtained fabulous new armor for Achilles. Achilles recommenced fighting and killed Hector. Not satisfied with Hector’s death, Achilles used his chariot to drag the body before the walls of Troy and refused the corpse funeral rites. Hector’s father Priam, the king of Troy, went secretly to the Greek camp to beg the return of the body. Finally, Achilles relented and allowed Priam to take Hector’s remains. After Hector’s death time started to run out for Achilles. He continued to fight heroically and killed many Trojans as well as their allies. Eventually, Paris, who was another of Priam’s sons, enlisted the aid of Apollo and wounded Achilles in his weak spot – the heel – with an arrow. This caused Achilles death. The enduring legend from the story of Achilles has to do with the concept of the Achilles’ heel. An Achilles’ heel has come to mean that despite overall strength, there is a mortal weakness that can lead to one’s downfall. While the original myth refers to a physical weakness, in modern times it has come to reference other types of character flaws or qualities that can cause ruination. The concept of the hero has changed somewhat in our modern culture. Instead of daring people who buck trends and traditions in order to help their families, nations or cultures, today we tend to revere people like sports figures and actors. While we have the occasional government or political leader such as Winston Churchill, Martin Luther King or Nelson Mandela, most of what you hear about is who is making the most money due to their sports or acting ability. The concept of the sports figure hero can have some validity as these figures do occasionally overcome great odds and perform daring feats on the modern â€Å"battlefield†, i. e. , the sports arena. However, this is nothing compared to the feats of the ancient heros. Hero myths are powerful stories from ancient times. So powerful are they that they cross cultures and ages, continuing to influence us today. Achilles was one of the great heros of ancient times as the mightiest warrior of the Trojan war. While who we classify as a hero has changed in our modern societies, we still look to the concept today. We teach young people about heros as a method to inspire them. We look to our heros as adults to give us guidance and to give us something to guide our hopes and dreams. While modern heros may not be of Achilles’ status, they remain an integral part of our cultures.

Old Orleans Essay Example for Free

Old Orleans Essay Who do you believe is the most to blame for Blanches fate at the end of A Streetcar Named Desire? How far do you think Blanche qualifies as a tragic heroine during the course of the play? There are many connecting themes that lead to Blanches long-anticipated downfall. These themes I will discuss in my essay. She is under the influence of fate, her own sexual the desire for money. Major themes explored are death, fate and madness. Ironically the title incorporates the word desire, as we know this as an underlying theme in the novel. The fact that Williams saw an actual streetcar in Old Orleans gives the impression that Williams play is close to own heart; we know that his sister could be viewed as a representation of Blanche in the play. She too had casual, frequent encounters much like Blanche has in the play. She was a nymphomaniac who was finally lobotomised and sent to an asylum. It is clear that A Streetcar Named Desire is personal to the Playwright. Blanche has annoying obsessive behaviour and it is clear that the Writer portrays Blanche as a person who would be clearly hell to live with. Blanche is first introduced in the play as being moth like; immediately she is compared in her smartness to the shabby, rundown street ironically named, Elysian Fields: She is daintily dressed in a white suit with a fluffy bodice Her appearance is grand and starkly contrasted to the grubby settings. We also learn that Blanche is snobbish. Eunice is forced to speak: . Defensively, noticing Blanches look. Blanche is unhappy in Old Orleans and she shows that she does not want to be associated with the standard of living, this she shows by her facial expressions and her posture whilst she sits in her chair. We also know she is a secret drinker: I rarely touch the stuff . . . Blanches drinking habit could be seen as a way of suppressing her guilt and anaesthetising her pain. Blanche has many weaknesses and drinking is one of these. She is self-destructive and these weaknesses are largely to blame for own her mental deterioration. Blanche talks to herself, which is considered to be strange: [Faintly to herself] Ive got to keep a hold of myself! This is the first clue we get to Blanches declining mental state. We see this as a slightly wild that she talks to herself. Blanche allows as she has done in the past, her sexual desires dominate her life. She is self-destructive although that does not mean that the audience does not have sympathy for her. Stella is aware of Blanches need of flattery; it is suggested that Stella knows Blanche too well. She says to Stanley early on: Tell her she looks pretty. . . Stella is acutely conscious of Blanches need of flattery, and Stella quietly tries to please Blanche by telling Stanley to be nice. Blanche also has obsessive behaviour, which the audience can see as very annoying: I havent bathed or powered my nose, and yet you are seeing me here. She sings in the bath and cleans all day long, Blanche pesters both Stanley and Stella, but Stanley has more of a short fuse. His tolerance quickly runs out. Blanche is always living in the past. This becomes highly evident when she is idly reminiscing about one of ex-boyfriends: Yes I ran into Sheep Huntleigh I ran into him on Biscayne Boulevard, on Christmas Eve, about dusk. Tennessee Williams characters are always trying to capture their former golden moment. Blanche is not living in present reality; she cannot bear the infringement of ugly reality into her wonderful make-believe world of the past. . Blanche to some extent is trapped in this rundown street with only her sisters support, which later in the play we know is lost. We feel sympathy towards Blanche at this point because it is clear that at this instance she is quite senseless. Blanche has a constant need to be flattered. She ceaselessly fishes for compliments from Stanley, Mitch and Stella: Stella you havent said one thing about my appearance. Blanche has a fixation in her head that her looks are everything to her; she is very self-absorbed: Do you know I havent put on one ounce since you left Belle Reve. She boasts about the fact she is still beautiful; she is scared, however that people only see her for her looks as she never wants to look anything less than her best: I will not be seen in this light . . . Blanche does not like looking plain or aged because it makes her feel insignificant and unwanted; she likes to have the constant assurance of someone telling her she looks nice so she can feel good: I need kindness right now Blanches growing madness becomes evident at the beginning of the play: I cant be alone. Because as you must have noticed Im not very well . . . Later on in the play the audience sees Blanches character unfold. We see that she is highly manipulative and flirts with men to get them to do what she wants, although it does not work with Stanley as we see early on: [She smiles at him radiantly] Do you think it possible that I was once considered to be attractive?. . . This quotation is showing that Blanche is treading dangerously in flirting with her sisters husband. We have a great deal of insight into Blanches sexual background. We know from her past that she was very promiscuous and she indulged into one-night stands at the Hotel Flamingo, back in Laurel. Blanche does this in order to feel needed because she wants to be noticed: You have got to be seductive . . . put on soft colours and glow make a little temporary magic and glow We feel sympathy that Blanche has to sleep with men but this is very seedy behaviour and very much a personal weakness that Blanche cannot change. Her promiscuity leads her to the acknowledgement that her life is nothing in the hotel she tries to get away from her past but it keeps catching up with her. Stanley and Mitch remind her of this. Blanche again in her critical speech about magic stresses the importance of appearance: I dont know how much longer I can turn the trick. You have to be soft and attractive, and Im fading now. Mitch is taken in by Blanches manipulation. The relationship between Blanche and Mitch could be seen as an escape route into reality, as it is what Blanche: needs a house of her own and a permanent relationship to settle down in. Blanche lies to Mitch about her own age and Stellas: I call her little in spite of the fact she is somewhat older than I.