Sovereign State Essay Example for Free

Sovereign State EssayEvolution of office staff and core of political relation as social-political understructure in public and government reign in particular is one of the most effective topics for discussions nowadays. Fundamental processes in spheres of politics and stintings change radically usual positions for role of order and meaning of its formal attribute government sovereignty. It is committed with the fact that in the modern dry land governments to a greater extent be forced to renounce by part of their prerogatives, being particular in winning political decisions. Studying of processes of degradation and devaluation of status of sovereign government and weakening of change institutions of political power is actually singled out into independent direction of political science. In this work well take apart the principles of sovereign aver and will try to understand, atomic number 50 the sovereign soil be effective management of organizing its politi cal life. Definition of sovereign land and its main(prenominal) features.Lets examine what is sovereign state and what are its main features. Sovereign state is politically independent government, which is independent in its internal and manwide affairs (the word sovereign is from French word souverain the highest, supreme) it is politically sovereign state, sovereign object of inter depicted object even ups and international relations. Governmental sovereignty means leadership of the state within the limits of its own borders. It doesnt discontinue foreign intervention in its affairs.What are main features of sovereign state? They are as follows licenseFree execution of the whole completeness of power at the territory of the countryIntegrity and inalienability of territory accord of territories of the country.Nowadays we so-and-so determine the following meanings of sovereignty sovereignty of interdependency ability of government to control movement via their bordersIn ternal sovereignty internal delegations of governmental structures and ability to influence effectively on expression of population This possibility of government to a great extend depends on loyalty of its citizens. So, in 1999 in the USA 73% of population examined themselves as citizens of the world simultaneously with recognition of US citizenship (http//www.vox-populi.org/digest/america_role2.html4)West-Fal sovereignty or Wattles sovereignty exception of external sources of power de jure and de facto global legal sovereignty is connected with mutual acknowledgement of governments. (Stephen D.Krasner, P.231-233.) Principle of sovereignty.Speaking about the reasons of re-examination of sovereign principles, we have to focus our solicitude to complex of processes, which is traditionally noted as globalization (James Rosenau, P.7-8.). In the basis of globalization phenomena lay processes in spheres of finance and economics, which serve as a basis for global political and cultura l superstructure. It gives us cause to consider that practically any sphere of human activity will avoid definite transformation. During those processes flak catcher of government sovereignty principle is made by several directions, and existing concept of governmental sovereignty casts doubt in relation of practically all its main components (Youngs, G, P.71-72.).Modern world economics demonstrates much and to a greater extent than qualities of united system and functions in accordance with unified rules. No other country can exist in conditions of economical self-sufficiency. Leading type of economical practice becomes financial-legal regulation, which consequently subjugates other kinds of economic activities. New concept of geo-economics is determined to reflect the new level of economical development and economical integration.Demands of economical developments contradict with principle of firmness of state sovereignty to that extent in which governmental borders impede ec onomical effectiveness and in common, to social progress. Governmental borders now experience pressure more from inside, than from outside. Separatism became somber problem in different parts of the world. (Joseph A.Camilleri and Jim FalTk, P.24-25.).Being subordinated to dictate of economical expediency, governments open their borders and are uncovered to inroad of foreign currency, international terrorists, drugs, flows of information from other countries, sects, societies, etc. All this inevitably decreases effectiveness of functioning of governmental body and forces to find new ways and forms of decision everyday problems.Living picture of global grocery are transnational corporations, which have their aim to receive profit. Such actions cause misbalances in the modern beau monde (Manuel Castells P.162.). In accordance with researches, they control approximately half of world industrial manufacture and even more in spheres of foreign trade. Constricting sphere of activity of national governments, global market undermines basis of state sovereignty.Global forces (economical, technological and cultural) force governments to re-examine meaning of sovereignty. (Muthiah Alagappa and Takashi Inoguchi (Eds.). P.21) Problems of environment are also assisting in that undermining. (Luc Sindjoun P.222.)The government also looses the meaning of guaranty of preservation of democratic foundations in society. Rules of free market take place, not the rules of national parliaments. Vitally meaning(a) decisions for the whole country and all its citizens are taken by people, who are actually unknown and who werent chosen by way of populace procedures of democratic elections and who are a good deal guided by their own interests, but not by interests of other people. The main consequences of globalization processes provided from the point of view of problems in state sovereignty, the main consequence of globalization processes is contradiction amongst increase economi cal and political interdependency of countries and nations from one side and reservation of right to decide independently and by its own choice (from the side of government) its own problems from the other side. Thanks to progressive washing out of borders between national economies, problems which before were considered as definitely belonging to foreign polity, more and more receive internationally-political sheath.U.N.O. also washed out concepts of state sovereignty and changed minds for relations between government and their citizens. (D.M.Malone, P.21.) Actions of government of one state can entail serious consequences at the other part of the Earth. In those conditions we can escort distinct necessity to correspond important decisions, and, therefore, to create corresponding political mechanisms. And, to tell the truth, process of creation of such(prenominal) mechanisms is going quite intensively. If in 1909 there were 37 inter-governmental international organizations, at the end of the century there were already 260 such organizations. Such organizations as EU and other, taking some definite functions, which are delegated to them by separate states, factually limit their state sovereignty.For example, governments members of European Union give part of their sovereign right to above-national organs of management. If before it was related only to economical questions, now it relates also to financial-currency questions (for example, it is lead-in of Euro in countries of Euro-zone), in perspective it will touch questions of foreign policy and defense.Although they say that above-national organs of management act stringently in accordance with mandate (its limits are determined by sovereign states, which realize common interests), it is ostensible that increasing of such practice means washing out of limit between internal policy and foreign policy, where it becomes more and more difficult to tell, what relates to the first and what to the secon d. Speaking at annual international assemblage in Dawos about foreign policy in XXI century, German president proposed to finish with disintegration of politics of national interests and to pass to globalized foreign policy as internal world policy. By other words, he proposed to governments to refuse from their national interests in favor of global foreign policy. Limited character of sovereignty.Taking into consideration all aforesaid, sovereignty is weak evolutionally stable strategy, which is chosen by plenty of actors and which can co-exist with forms, which Krasner called neutral mutants (alternative strategies, which attract definite actors in definite morsels) (Stephen D.Krasner, P.231.)Being one of the forms of jurisdiction organization, sovereign national governments always collided with competition from the side of other kinds of jurisdictions. There are jurisdictions, which dont recognize territorial limitations of their power such jurisdictions we can conditionally call empires. The most famous example of such institution is USA, which during the last years in an explicit form refused from support of principle of state sovereignty (Anna Leander COPRI, 2.).The main principle of foreign policy, which negates state sovereignty, is doctrine of preventive stroke. G. Bush said that if well wait for the moment when threats will materialize, we have to wait too long. We have to start struggle with our enemy, to destroy his plans our safety needs that all Americans should be decisive and farsighted, when it will be necessary to defend our lives. (http//www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF200/sf200.htm)Another factor, which determined re-evaluation of state sovereignty principle, became creation of numerous non-governmental associations and organizations, their activity, directed at realization of their own corporate interests, increased spectrum of actual political problems and intensified their dynamics. Appearance of those new forms, probably took place, because civil society dont see in government the main and irreplaceable instrument of realization of their demands. As a result, procedure of taking decisions by government regarding different problems of foreign and internal policies is more often is guided by coordination of their positions with non-government public organizations and transnational corporations.If we were able to examine the nation or the state in world political quadriceps as the one subject, which was outlined only from outside, and what was going inside, wasnt important significally, now more and more often people speak that modern society is society of pluralism interests, which one cannot reduce to a common denominator (Manuel Castells, P.303.). If before we were able to examine government as one-piece formation a kind of oversize figure at chess-desk now we need to make a lot of stipulations. Decrease of role and meaning of government comes as result because civil loyalty is being weakened. For example, in Germany considerable number of little people consider themselves Europeans first of all, and only than Germans, but not vice versa.Another important factor, which undermines inlet stone of state sovereignty is a principle of non-intervention into internal affairs of sovereign state and is connected with dissemination and consolidation of universal ideology of human rights. Ways of influence for such countries and regimes, which have world society, first of all, are very limited, and second-of-all, are non-effective such principle of non-intervention into internal affairs bothers a lot. provided what scholars write about state sovereignty? One of them writes Nowadays the problem of sovereignty is, for social scientists, a dead duck. (Fowler and Bunck 2). There are also debates of sovereign immunity and its criticism is not new. Even president Abraham Lincoln declared It is as much the duty of Government to render prompt justice against itself in favor of citizens as it is to administer the same between private individuals. (Chemerinsky 1201)All these factors are very important tendencies in the modern society. Taking into consideration all examined factors, we can make conclusion that state sovereignty cannot be really effective instrument to provide effective political life for sovereign country. My opinion is that principle of state sovereignty in modern conditions is ineffective.Works CitedStephen D.Krasner. Abiding Sovereignty in International Political Science Review. Vol. 22, No.3, 2001, P.231-233.M.Malone. The Security Council in the 1990s. in Ramesh Thakur and Edward Newman (Eds.) New Millennium, New Perspectives The UN, Security, and Governance. UN University Press, 2000, P.21.Luc Sindjoun. Transformation of International dealings Between Change and Continuity Introduction in International Political Science Review. Vol. 22, No.3, 2001, P.222.Stephen D.Krasner. Abiding Sovereignty in International Political Science Review. Vol. 22, No.3, 20 01, P.231.http//www.vox-populi.org/digest/america_role2.html4http//www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF200/sf200.htmLaw, Power, and the Sovereign State The Evolution and exercise of the Concept of Sovereignty Book by Julie Marie Bunck, Michael Ross Fowler The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995Against Sovereign Immunity (Journal article by Erwin Chemerinsky) Stanford Law Review, Vol. 53, 2001Joseph A.Camilleri and Jim FalTk. The End of Sovereignty? Great Britain Edvard Elgar, 1992, P.24-25.Muthiah Alagappa and Takashi Inoguchi (Eds.). International Security Management and the UN. United Nations University Press, 1999, P.21Manuel Castells. End of Millennium. Blackwell Publishers, 1998, P.162.Anna Leander. globalization and the Eroding State Monopoly of Legitimate Violence. COPRI, 2.Manuel Castells. The Power of Identity. Blackwell Publishers, 1998, P.303.Youngs, G. International Relations in a Global Age. Cambridge legislation Press, 1999, P.71-72.James Rosenau. Governance in the Twe nty-First Century in The New Political Economy of Globalization., Vol. 2., P.7-8.